Knowledge base

What is Load Balancing? Load balancing is a technique that distributes internet traffic across multiple connections. This method enhances the performance, reliability, and availability of a network. Instead of relying on a single connection, load balancing combines multiple WAN connections (such as fiber, DSL, and mobile networks) into one scalable and stable solution. This approach prevents network outages, reduces latency, and maximizes the use of available bandwidth. Load balancing is particularly suitable for business-critical applications such as IoT networks, corporate internet infrastructure, or communication platforms. Why Choose Load Balancing? The main benefits of load balancing at a glance: Better availability – Stay online even if one of the connections fails. Higher speed – Distributing traffic utilizes the total capacity. Cost savings – No need to invest in one expensive high-capacity connection. Failover functionality – Traffic automatically switches over during disruptions. Scalability – Easily add extra connections as needs grow. What Methods of Load Balancing Are There? Round-robinTraffic is distributed alternately across the connections. Suitable for connections with similar capacity. Weighted load balancingTraffic is distributed based on capacity. Higher-speed connections carry more traffic. Session-based load balancingNew sessions are distributed across available connections. Popular in web environments. Packet-based load balancingTraffic is distributed at the packet level. Highly efficient, but requires advanced equipment. What Hardware and Features Are Required? An effective load balancing setup requires appropriate network equipment and additional functionalities: Multi-WAN routers supporting two or more connections Broadband bonding to use multiple lines simultaneously Quality of Service (QoS) to prioritize critical traffic Traffic shaping and monitoring for insight and optimization Firewall functionality for network security Automatic failover for continuous operation in case of connection failure Applications of Load Balancing Business networks – Ensure continuity of business processes. IoT deployments – Support thousands of devices with stable connectivity. Retail and payments – Keep point-of-sale systems and payment terminals online. Healthcare and security – Reliably connect security systems and video surveillance. More Information Want to know what load balancing can mean for your network or organization? Thingsdata is happy to advise you on selecting and implementing the right multi-WAN solutions, routers, and configurations. Contact us at +31 (0)85 0443500 or info@thingsdata.com, or check out our selection of load balancing-capable routers in the Thingsdata webshop.

What is Failover? Failover is a mechanism that ensures a network, system, or connection automatically switches to a backup whenever there is a failure in the primary connection. The goal is to minimize downtime and disruptions—crucial for business networks, IoT solutions, and communication infrastructures. Instead of manually intervening when a failure occurs, the system automatically switches to an alternative connection or server. This ensures the continuity of mission-critical processes. Why is Failover Important? Companies and organizations are increasingly dependent on constant connectivity. When the internet connection fails, the consequences can be significant: Loss of access to cloud applications Halted production or logistics processes Non-functioning payment terminals or POS systems Inaccessible sensors or IoT devices Security risks in alarm or camera systems Failover prevents these issues by automatically switching to an alternative connection, such as 4G or 5G. How Does Failover Work in Practice? A failover solution continuously monitors the status of the active internet connection. In the event of a failure or unavailability, the router or network device immediately switches to a secondary standby connection. This could be a mobile connection (LTE/5G) or a second fixed line. There are different types of failover: Active-passive: The backup connection remains on standby and is only activated during a failure. Active-active: Both connections are active. Traffic is distributed (load balancing), and one takes over if the other fails. WAN failover: Routers with dual-WAN or SIM/ethernet combine fixed lines with mobile networks. Where Is Failover Used? Failover is widely used in environments where internet continuity is critical: Retail & hospitality: For POS systems and payment processing Industry & manufacturing: For automation systems Logistics & mobility: For vehicle tracking, order picking, and scanners Security & healthcare: For alarm centers, cameras, and sensors Offices & SMEs: For workstations, VoIP, and cloud services Which Devices Are Suitable for Failover? A reliable failover solution requires appropriate hardware: Routers with dual-WAN functionalityE.g., a combination of ethernet and mobile connection Routers with dual-SIM slotsFor backup via a second mobile operator Automatic link detection and switchingThe system detects a failure and switches without interruption Remote managementThrough platforms such as Teltonika RMS Thingsdata offers routers from brands such as Teltonika and Robustel, specifically designed for failover scenarios. More Information Want to know what failover can mean for your organization or IoT solution? Thingsdata is happy to advise you on choosing and implementing a reliable internet backup. Contact us at +31 (0)85 0443500 or info@thingsdata.com, or view suitable routers with automatic failover functionality in the Thingsdata webshop.

What is VRRP? VRRP stands for Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol. It is a network protocol that automatically activates a backup router when the primary router fails. This keeps the network accessible without manual intervention. VRRP is primarily used in environments where continuous network availability is essential, such as offices, data centers, and industrial networks. How Does VRRP Work? With VRRP, one router is designated as the "master" (the active router), while one or more others act as "backups." All routers share a single virtual IP address, which is used as the gateway. If the master router fails, a backup router automatically takes over this role—completely invisible to users or connected devices. Why Use VRRP? Prevents network downtime in case of router failures Seamless switchover with no noticeable interruption Suitable for networks with multiple routers Easy to implement with compatible hardware VRRP in Practice VRRP is ideal for organizations with critical network requirements, such as: Office environments with dual-router setups IoT networks where 24/7 connectivity must be guaranteed Healthcare and security systems with constant connection demands Edge networks with high availability requirements Routers that support VRRP can be easily integrated into existing network infrastructures. More Information Wondering whether VRRP is suitable for your network architecture? Thingsdata supports organizations in designing and implementing redundant networks with automatic failover. Contact us at +31 (0)85 0443500 or info@thingsdata.com, or view our VRRP-compatible routers in the Thingsdata webshop.

What is Codesys? Codesys is a manufacturer-independent software environment for industrial automation, based on the IEC 61131-3 standard. The platform supports the development of control logic for a wide range of embedded systems and PLCs. Codesys is used worldwide in machine building, industrial automation, and IoT solutions. Supported Systems and Compatibility Codesys runs on various operating systems, including: Linux Windows VxWorks FreeRTOS It is also compatible with widely used PLC architectures and hardware platforms, including: Siemens S7 Rockwell Automation (ControlLogix, CompactLogix) WAGO, Beckhoff, Schneider Electric, and other manufacturers via open protocols Key Features of Codesys Codesys offers a rich set of functionalities for developers and engineers, such as: Support for all IEC 61131-3 programming languages(including ST, FBD, LD, SFC, IL) Graphical development environment with function block diagramsSimultaneous multi-device simulation (multi-target) Compilation to embedded platforms and FPGAs Integrated I/O configuration and hardware mapping Support for web servers, database integration, and industrial protocols (such as Modbus, OPC UA, MQTT) This comprehensive functionality makes Codesys suitable for both small embedded controllers and complex control environments involving multiple devices and communication channels. More Information Contact us at +31 (0)85 0443500 or info@thingsdata.com for personalized advice, or view our solutions in the Thingsdata webshop.

What is Siemens S7? The Siemens SIMATIC S7 is a programmable logic controller (PLC) and the successor to the SIMATIC S5. This digital control unit is used worldwide to automate machines, systems, and complete production lines in the industrial sector. The SIMATIC S7 stands out from other PLCs due to its extensive functionality, modular design, and high reliability. The system is highly flexible and serves as the backbone of many automation solutions. Key Features of the SIMATIC S7 Modular DesignThe controller can be easily expanded with additional modules, depending on the application. Advanced DiagnosticsSupports real-time fault detection and system analysis for increased availability. Wide Range of ApplicationsSuitable for various industrial uses, from machine building to process automation. High CompatibilityWorks with different programming languages (including STL, LAD, FBD) and communication protocols. More Information Contact us at +31 (0)85 0443500 or info@thingsdata.com, or browse our selection of industrial automation products in the Thingsdata webshop.

What is DALI? DALI stands for Digital Addressable Lighting Interface, an international communication protocol specifically developed for the intelligent control of lighting. The protocol enables the individual control and monitoring of luminaires via a digital connection, providing flexible and energy-efficient lighting solutions. What Makes DALI Unique? Simple InstallationDALI uses a two-wire system with no polarity requirement, making installation quick and error-resistant. Individual and Group ControlLuminaires can be controlled individually or in groups. Two-Way CommunicationEnables not only control but also status feedback (such as error messages or dimming levels). Integration with AutomationDALI can be integrated with building management systems like KNX or PLC-based automation, making it suitable for commercial buildings, offices, and industrial applications. Applications of DALI DALI is used in a variety of environments, including: Offices and schools (for daylight control and occupancy detection) Industry (for zone-specific lighting control) Public buildings and infrastructure Smart building solutions in combination with IoT More Information Contact us at +31 (0)85 0443500 or info@thingsdata.com for expert advice, or browse our offerings in the Thingsdata webshop.

What is KNX? KNX (formerly Konnex) is a globally standardized protocol for building automation (according to ISO/IEC 14543-3). It is used to control a wide range of building functions such as lighting, heating, ventilation, shading, security, and energy management. Thanks to its open standard, KNX is brand-independent, meaning that devices from different manufacturers can work together seamlessly. KNX is widely used in office buildings, commercial facilities, industrial environments, and increasingly in residential and smart home applications. How Does KNX Work? KNX devices communicate via a bus-based system, where all components are connected to the same two-wire line (the KNX bus). Each device—whether it's a sensor, actuator, or controller—can communicate directly with other devices. The communication is decentralized: no central server is required. Each device contains its own logic and function, making the system scalable, robust, and flexible. KNX supports multiple transmission media:• Twisted pair (TP1) – Most common in wired installations• Powerline (PL) – Data over existing power lines• RF (radio frequency) – For wireless applications• IP (KNXnet/IP) – For integration into modern networks Which Functions Can Be Automated with KNX? KNX enables centralized and intelligent control of various building functions, including:• Lighting (on/off, dimming, scenes)• Climate control (heating, cooling, ventilation)• Shading (screens, blinds, shutters)• Access control and intrusion detection• Energy management and monitoring• Occupancy detection and daylight control• Visualization via touchscreens, apps, or SCADA systems Benefits of KNX • Interoperability: Works with thousands of certified devices from multiple manufacturers• Flexibility: Easily expandable and adaptable without complete rewiring• Energy Efficiency: Optimizes energy use through automation• Robustness: Operates locally and is not dependent on internet connectivity• Long-Term Standard: Over 30 years in development and globally adopted KNX and IoT / Industrial Applications KNX is increasingly integrated with IoT platforms and industrial automation systems:• Integration with DALI: For advanced lighting control• Connection to PLCs and SCADA: Via gateways or KNXnet/IP• Monitoring and Data Analysis: Linked to cloud platforms or dashboards• Use in Smart Buildings: In combination with sensors, routers, and other network components Thanks to its openness, KNX is a suitable choice for organizations aiming to combine building automation with industrial networks and IoT architectures. More Information Contact us at +31 (0)85 0443500 or info@thingsdata.com, or explore our KNX-compatible solutions in the Thingsdata webshop.

What is a QR Code? A QR code (Quick Response code) is a two-dimensional barcode that can be quickly read by the cameras of smartphones, tablets, and industrial scanners. Originally developed for the automotive industry in Japan, it has become a universal method for quickly and accurately sharing information. A QR code can contain a variety of data, such as URLs, contact details, Wi-Fi settings, or device configurations. In the world of connectivity and IoT, QR codes are increasingly used for eSIM activation, device registration, and fast data exchange. How Does a QR Code Work? A QR code consists of a matrix of black and white squares that encode information in rows and columns. A camera or scanner reads this matrix and converts the pattern into digital information. Advantages of QR codes: Fast scanning without manual input Compact and printable on paper, packaging, or screens High capacity: Can store hundreds of characters Error correction: Still works even if the code is partially damaged QR Codes and eSIM Activation In eSIM technology, a QR code is used to download and activate an eSIM profile. Instead of inserting a physical SIM card, the user scans a QR code that links to a profile on an eSIM platform. Benefits of QR-based eSIM activation: Rapid setup of mobile network connections No physical SIM card required Ideal for mass deployment of IoT devices One code per device or automated via APIs The QR code contains, among other things, the SM-DP+ address and activation data needed to configure the eSIM profile on the device. Applications of QR Codes in IoT and Automation eSIM installation on routers, trackers, and modems Configuration links for devices deployed in the field Fast access to web interfaces of IoT devices Linking installation manuals or user info to hardware Secure product or user registration QR codes are also used in combination with asset tracking, where a QR code on a physical object provides access to current location or status information. Security and Management Although QR codes are simple to use, it’s important to implement proper security measures: Use unique, generated codes for sensitive applications Only link via secure HTTPS connections Set expiration or authentication levels for QR codes Combine with user authentication or verification during activation More Information Interested in using QR codes for eSIM activation in your IoT project? Thingsdata supports the generation, management, and implementation of QR codes in combination with connectivity solutions, hardware, and eSIM platforms. Contact us at  +31 (0)85 0443500 or info@thingsdata.com, or explore our eSIM products in the Thingsdata webshop.

What is MQTT? MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight communication protocol designed for devices with limited processing power, low bandwidth, and unstable network connections. The protocol uses a publish-subscribe model, making it particularly suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, industrial automation, and other machine-to-machine (M2M) communication scenarios. MQTT is optimized for fast and reliable data transfer in environments where efficiency, scalability, and reliability are essential. How Does MQTT Work? MQTT uses a broker (central server) that receives messages from publishers and forwards them to subscribers interested in specific topics. Main components: Broker: Handles all messages (e.g., Mosquitto, HiveMQ) Publisher: Sends data to a specific topic (e.g., a temperature sensor) Subscriber: Subscribes to a topic and receives updates as they become available Example: A temperature sensor (publisher) sends data to the topic building/hall1/temperature. An application or dashboard (subscriber) automatically receives the data when there’s an update. Why Choose MQTT? Low overheadThe binary protocol is highly compact—ideal for low-capacity devices and slow connections. ScalabilityA single broker can manage thousands of devices and process millions of messages. ReliabilitySupports three quality of service (QoS) levels:o 0: At most onceo 1: At least onceo 2: Exactly once SecuritySupports TLS encryption, user authentication, and token-based access. Asynchronous communicationDevices don’t need to be online simultaneously for message delivery. Applications of MQTT MQTT is widely used across sectors such as: IoT and smart industrySensors, actuators, edge devices, and gateways communicate via MQTT. Energy and utilitiesSmart meters send usage data to central systems. Transport and logisticsVehicle data and location tracking via continuous MQTT connections. HealthcareRemote monitoring of patients or medical equipment. Building automationIntegration with HVAC, lighting, and access control systems. MQTT Combined with Thingsdata Solutions MQTT is frequently used in combination with: Cellular routers (e.g., Teltonika or Peplink) that transmit data over MQTT Edge gateways that convert raw data into MQTT messages IoT connectivity via LTE-M or NB-IoT Cloud platforms that process MQTT data for visualization or automation Alternatives and Comparison Protocol Communication Type Bandwidth Usage Suitable for IoT? Security Options MQTT Publish-subscribe Very low Yes Yes (TLS, auth) HTTP Request-response High Limited Yes CoAP RESTful/UDP Very low Yes Yes (DTLS) AMQP Queue-based Medium Less lightweight Yes More Information Want to know how MQTT can be used in your IoT application or for data traffic in industrial environments? Thingsdata offers full support in setting up MQTT infrastructures—from edge devices and routers to cloud integration and APIs. Contact us at +31 (0)85 0443500 or info@thingsdata.com, or explore our MQTT-compatible hardware and solutions in the Thingsdata webshop.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a communication protocol used in computer networks. It is one of the main protocols of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite, which also includes IP and ICMP. TCP provides reliable, orderly, and error-checked delivery of data between applications running on networked hosts. It works by splitting the data into packets, sending them through the network, and putting them back together at the receiving end. It guarantees that packets are received in the correct order and that no data is lost or corrupted during transmission.

What is CAN-bus? CAN-bus (Controller Area Network) is a serial communication protocol designed for reliable, efficient, and real-time data exchange between electronic components—without the need for a central host computer. Originally developed by Bosch in the 1980s for automotive electronics, CAN-bus is now widely used in industrial automation, medical equipment, agricultural machinery, and IoT environments. How Does CAN-bus Work? In a CAN-bus system, all connected devices (also called "nodes") share a common communication network: the bus. Every device on the network can both send and receive messages. Communication is based on message priority—the most important message gets access to the bus first. Instead of addressing devices by their location (as with IP), messages are identified by their type of content (ID). This makes the network highly scalable, modular, and resistant to faults. Key Features of CAN-bus Bidirectional communication on a single data line pairOnly one twisted pair is required to connect multiple devices. Balanced communicationDifferential signaling improves resistance to interference (EMC robustness). Message-based protocolData is transmitted in prioritized messages, enabling real-time operation. Robust and reliableOperates in harsh conditions and resists electrical interference. Fail-safe designThe protocol automatically handles errors or collisions and restores communication. Applications of CAN-bus Automotive electronicsCommunication between the engine, brake system (ABS/ESP), transmission, airbags, lighting, dashboard, and comfort systems. Industrial automationControl of motors, sensors, and HMIs via embedded controllers in robots or production lines. Agricultural and mining equipmentMultiple subsystems communicate via a single CAN network for hydraulics, control, and telemetry. Building automation and HVACLocal communication between control modules in smart buildings. IoT and edge devicesIntegration into microcontrollers and gateway systems for data collection and analysis. Advantages of CAN-bus Reduced wiringCommunication via just two wires instead of separate cables for each signal type. Real-time responseSuited for time-critical applications through priority-based data transmission. Cost-effectiveEfficient architecture with minimal hardware requirements. High reliabilitySelf-correcting in case of errors, with low risk of data corruption. ScalableSupports dozens of nodes on a single network without central coordination. Variants of CAN-bus CAN 2.0A/B – The original specification (11-bit or 29-bit identifiers) CAN FD (Flexible Data Rate) – Higher data rates and larger payloads (up to 64 bytes per message) LIN, FlexRay, MOST – Alternative protocols in the automotive sector depending on bandwidth or real-time requirements More Information Looking to integrate CAN-bus into your industrial network or vehicle-based IoT solution? Thingsdata offers hardware, connectivity, and protocol gateways for reading, interpreting, and forwarding CAN-bus data. Contact us at +31 (0)85 0443500 or info@thingsdata.com, or browse our range of CAN-compatible products in the Thingsdata webshop.

What is Ubuntu? Ubuntu is an open-source operating system based on Debian Linux. It is known for its user-friendliness, stability, and versatility across desktops, servers, embedded systems, and cloud environments. Ubuntu is completely free to use and supported by a large, active developer community. The system is widely used in professional settings due to its reliability, regular updates, and support for a broad range of hardware platforms and software packages. Applications of Ubuntu Ubuntu is used in a variety of domains, including: Web and application serversFor hosting websites, databases, APIs, and backends in cloud environments. Network management and securityAs the foundation for routers, firewalls, VPN servers, and network analysis tools. IoT and edge computingLightweight Ubuntu variants (such as Ubuntu Core) run on embedded hardware for data acquisition, telemetry, and local processing. Virtualization and containersFull support for Docker, Kubernetes, LXD, and KVM. Desktops and workstationsWith graphical environments such as GNOME or KDE for everyday use or development. Key Features of Ubuntu User-friendly interfaceThe GNOME desktop provides an intuitive experience similar to modern operating systems. Regular updatesNew releases appear every six months. LTS (Long Term Support) versions receive five years of updates. Access to thousands of packagesSoftware can easily be installed via APT, Snap, and Flatpak. Security and stabilityUbuntu offers built-in security patches, user permission management, and support for encryption and firewall configuration. Open source and customizableFull access to source code makes it highly suitable for custom applications and industrial integration. Ubuntu in Industrial and IoT Applications Ubuntu is increasingly used as a foundation for IoT and automation solutions thanks to: Ubuntu Core:A minimalist, container-based variant of Ubuntu specifically designed for embedded use. Reliability under heavy workloads:Ideal for real-time data processing on edge devices. Extensive support ecosystem:Integration with tools such as MQTT, Node-RED, Grafana, Prometheus, OPC UA, and Modbus. Remote management and OTA updates:Secure updates and management via Canonical’s Snapcraft or custom device managers. Common Ubuntu Versions Version Use Case Support Ubuntu Desktop Workstations / GUI 5 years (LTS) Ubuntu Server Web servers / backends 5 years (LTS) Ubuntu Core Embedded / IoT OTA updates / container Ubuntu Cloud Cloud and virtual environments Optimized for scalability More Information Contact us at +31-(0)85-0443500 or info@thingsdata.com, or explore our industrial hardware and edge solutions in the Thingsdata webshop