Knowledge base

A LoRaWAN network server (LNS) is a central component within a LoRaWAN network responsible for processing messages from devices, managing communication, and forwarding data to applications. Within IoT and connectivity,...

LoRaWAN classes define how and when an IoT device communicates within a LoRaWAN network. They regulate the balance between energy consumption, reachability, and latency. Within IoT and connectivity, there are...

OTAA (Over-The-Air Activation) is a method to dynamically and securely activate LoRaWAN devices on a network. Instead of using pre-configured keys, a device connects to the network during the activation...

Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution, in which digital technologies such as IoT, data analytics, and automation are integrated into industrial processes. The goal is to make production...

SIM form factor refers to the physical shape and size of a SIM card. Over the years, different formats have been developed to better fit the dimensions and use cases...

A SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) is a chip used to identify and authenticate a device within a mobile network. The SIM contains the data required to connect to a network...

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a standard for wireless broadband communication and forms the foundation of 4G mobile networks. It provides high data speeds, low latency, and reliable connectivity for...

3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) is an international organization responsible for developing standards for mobile networks such as 3G, 4G LTE, and 5G. These standards define how mobile communication works...

HSUPA (High-Speed Uplink Packet Access) is a technology within 3G networks designed to improve mobile data upload speeds. It is an extension of UMTS and part of the HSPA family....

HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) is a technology within 3G networks developed to improve mobile data download speeds. It is an extension of UMTS and part of the HSPA family....

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is a mobile network technology known as 3G. It was developed as the successor to 2G and enabled large-scale use of mobile data alongside voice...

EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) is a technology developed as an extension of 2G (GSM) networks to enable higher data speeds. It is often referred to as a...