QR code: what it is and how it works in IoT

A QR code (Quick Response code) is a two-dimensional barcode that can be quickly scanned using cameras on smartphones, tablets, and industrial scanners. The technology was originally developed for the automotive industry in Japan but has since become a universal method for sharing information quickly and accurately.

A QR code can contain various types of data, such as URLs, contact details, Wi-Fi settings, or device configurations. Within IoT and connectivity, QR codes are increasingly used for eSIM activation, device onboarding, and fast data exchange.

Summary

A QR code is a 2D barcode that contains information which can be directly read and applied by a device.

Key points to remember:

• a QR code can contain different types of data
• it is scanned using a camera or industrial scanner
• it enables fast and error-free configuration
• it is used for eSIM activation and device onboarding
• it is suitable for large-scale IoT deployments

What a QR code actually is

A QR code is a graphical representation of data in a square pattern of black and white blocks. Unlike traditional barcodes, which store data horizontally, a QR code stores information in two directions.

This allows a QR code to hold more data and be read faster, making it suitable for applications where speed and reliability are important.

How a QR code works

A QR code consists of a matrix in which information is encoded in rows and columns. A camera or scanner reads this matrix and converts the pattern into digital data.

The basic process:

• a user or installer scans the QR code with a device
• the scanner reads the pattern and decodes the information
• the data is interpreted
• an action is automatically executed, such as configuration or activation

This process happens almost instantly and without manual input.

Benefits of QR codes

QR codes are widely used because of their practical advantages.

Fast and error-free

Information is transferred instantly without manual input, reducing errors.

Compact and flexible

QR codes can easily be applied to devices, packaging, or screens.

High capacity

A QR code can store a relatively large amount of data, such as configuration or activation details.

Error correction

The code remains readable even if it is partially damaged.

QR codes and eSIM activation

In eSIM technology, QR codes are used to download and activate an eSIM profile. Instead of inserting a physical SIM card, a QR code is scanned that links to a profile on an eSIM platform.

The QR code contains, among other things:

• the SM-DP+ address
• an activation code
• profile information for provisioning

After scanning, the device automatically starts downloading and activating the eSIM profile.

Benefits of QR-based eSIM activation

• fast installation of mobile connectivity
• no physical SIM card required
• suitable for large-scale deployments
• easy integration into provisioning processes
• unique activation per device possible

This makes QR codes an efficient solution for onboarding IoT devices.

Applications of QR codes in IoT and automation

Within IoT, QR codes are used in various ways:

• eSIM installation on routers, trackers, and industrial devices
• configuration links for devices in the field
• direct access to device web interfaces
• linking to documentation or installation instructions
• registration and activation of devices or users

QR codes are also commonly used in asset tracking, where a code provides access to real-time status or location data.

Considerations when using QR codes

Although QR codes are easy to use, there are also important considerations.

Security

Only use trusted QR codes and ensure secure connections.

Management

For large-scale deployments, it is important to centrally generate and manage QR codes.

Validity

For activation processes, temporary or one-time codes can be used to prevent misuse.

Why QR codes are important in IoT

The use of QR codes is growing in IoT because they act as a bridge between physical devices and digital systems.

They help to:

• accelerate onboarding
• simplify configuration
• reduce errors
• make deployments scalable

As a result, QR codes are a practical building block in modern IoT solutions.

Conclusion

A QR code is an efficient and reliable way to make information quickly accessible to devices. In IoT, this technology is widely used for eSIM activation, configuration, and device onboarding.

Thanks to its combination of speed, flexibility, and scalability, the QR code is a valuable solution for managing and deploying connected devices.

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